Ziekteverwekker
Encephalitozoon is a spore-forming, single-celled parasite. This parasite is currently classified within the kingdom of fungi. To date, three different Encephalitozoon species have been described, namely: Encephalitozoon intestinalis, E. hellem, and E. cuniculi.
Gevoelige diersoorten
Encephalitozoon occurs worldwide and in numerous animal species, including a wide range of birds as well as mammals. However, the parasite species likely have a preference for certain animal groups. For instance, E. intestinalis has so far only been described in mammals, and E. hellem occurs primarily in birds, but has also been described in a number of mammal species and a captive crocodile. E. cuniculi is generally known to occur in captive rabbits, but can also occur in numerous other animal species, such as birds and mammals.
Symptomen dieren
Most infections occur without clinical signs, but severe illness can also occur. In captive rabbits, E. cuniculi is known to primarily affect the kidneys and the brain. Due to kidney damage, the rabbits drink excessively. If the brain is affected, the rabbit exhibits neurological symptoms such as a tilted head, signs of paralysis, and balance disorders.
Besmetting dieren
An infected animal excretes spores through its urine. The spores can then be ingested by other animals via food and water. The parasite can also be transmitted from the mother to her offspring.